C3G Background

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a natural anthocyanin found in various fruits and vegetables, particularly in dark-colored berries[2].

Its discovery can be traced back to early research on plant pigments, with its chemical structure identified in the early 20th century.

C3G has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties[2].

Research into C3G has expanded rapidly, revealing its potential applications in various fields, including neurology, ophthalmology, and metabolic health[2][3].

C3G Systemic Applications

C3G demonstrates remarkable versatility in systemic applications, ranging from metabolic syndrome management to cardiovascular protection[3].

It has shown efficacy in ameliorating diabetes-related disorders, including the inhibition of vascular leakage in early diabetic retinopathy and neovascularization in advanced diabetic retinopathy[3].

Studies have indicated that C3G can improve obesity, triglyceride metabolism, blood sugar levels, and insulin sensitivity[3].

Research has also highlighted C3G's potential in regulating adipocyte hormones to help reduce obesity[3].

C3G for Brain and Cognition

C3G has shown promising effects on cognitive function, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease[2].

Studies have demonstrated that C3G treatment can reduce the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) peptides and decrease the protein expression of amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and β-secretase in the cortical and hippocampal regions[2].

Research indicates that C3G can improve cognitive functions by upregulating autophagy-related markers and downregulating SQSTM1/p62, thus enhancing the clearance of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles[2].

C3G administration has been shown to mitigate tau phosphorylation and improve synaptic function and plasticity by upregulating the expression of synapse-associated proteins[2].

C3G for Eye and Vision

C3G has demonstrated significant benefits for eye health, particularly in preventing and managing age-related vision issues and diabetic retinopathy[3][6].

Studies have shown that C3G can protect against light-induced retinal degeneration and improve visual contrast sensitivity[6].

Research has indicated that C3G can help prevent cataract formation by protecting lens epithelial cells from apoptosis due to high glucose levels[3].

Clinical studies have shown that C3G supplementation can significantly improve eye dryness, blurred vision, and eye tiredness, with improvement rates of 60%, 56%, and 63% respectively[3].

Relevant quotes:

"C3G offers a wide range of potential benefits, as well as benefits demonstrated in human clinical research for metabolic syndrome and eyesight." - VitaminRetailer[3]

"By countering this oxidative stress, C3G appears to benefit vision in several ways as shown in a number of studies." - Acquaint Publications[6]

Relevant NCBI article quotes:

"C3G treatment reduced the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) peptides and reduced the protein expression of the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and β-secretase in the cortical and hippocampal regions." - From "Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protects the brain and improves cognitive behavior in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37978414/)

"As a result, the levels of C3G in the brain linearly correlated with the plasma values, thus providing a measure of the capacity to maintain brain C3G in equilibrium with C3G in the circulation." - From "Determination of cyanidin 3-glucoside in rat brain, liver and kidneys by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a short-term pharmacokinetic study" (https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22815)

Functions supported or stimulated:

1. Antioxidant activity[2][3]

2. Anti-inflammatory effects[2]

3. Neuroprotection[2][6]

4. Regulation of glucose metabolism[3]

5. Improvement of synaptic plasticity[2]

Related benefits:

1. Improved cognitive function and memory[2]

2. Enhanced eye health and protection against age-related vision issues[3][6]

3. Potential treatment for metabolic syndrome and diabetes-related disorders[3]

4. Protection against oxidative stress and inflammation[2][3]

5. Support for cardiovascular health[3]

Source Information:

Botanical name: Various sources, including dark-colored berries and black soybeans[3][6]

Typical content range: Not provided in the search results

Common names:

1. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside

2. C3G

3. Anthocyanin

Citations:

[1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10851021/

[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37978414/

[3] https://vitaminretailer.com/cyanidin-3-glucoside-the-ultimate-sleeper-ingredient-for-eye-health-and-metabolic-syndrome/

[4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9613507/

[5] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-75813-z

[6] https://www.acquaintpublications.com/article/micronutrient_supplements_and_eye_diseases19

[7] https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/complement-3-glomerulopathy-c3g

[8] https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22815